Aims Of Ethics In The It Industry Information Technology Essay

Aims Of Ethics In The It Industry Information Technology Essay Introduction According to the Larousse dictionary, Ethics are rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or members of a profession (medical ethics, IT ethics, and health ethics etc). The conduct of a person implies integrity; integrity plays an essential role in the ethical behaviour. A person with ethics act with personal code of principles, apply moral standards and respect and consideration in every situation. Information technology is the processing of data via computer, it is the use of hardware and software technology to process and distribute information in digital and other forms. Ethics in information technology refers to the code of conduct or guidelines for people working in the IT industry or using IT infrastructure. In this essay we will try to found out why is that ethics is so important to today industry, whats the role that it plays to help every business running smoothly. We will also identify what will be the impact of a non existence code of conduct in IT on the society. AIMS OF ETHICS IN THE IT INDUSTRY When talking about ethics, the more important thing to think about is personal values. Value is largely part of ethics. And you can talk about ethics without mentioning personal values and moral. The purpose of ethics in information security is not just philosophically important; it could mean the survival of a business, or an industry.   Information technology, computers and networks do not raise new ethical issues, ethical issues has always been the major part of a working environment. However the Internet does contribute a fascinating sense of anonymity; the notion that no one can see or find out what we are doing.   The main role of ethics in the IT industry is providing a firm ground basis for the use of IT whenever needed  [1]  . The IT industry is divided in different organisation body, and each body apply various codes of conducts regarding their target, the area of working and their consumers. The ethics varies depending on the academic board. There is a global code of ethics for the whole information technology but each professional board will have their own preamble code of ethics. PROFESSIONAL IT WORKER AND ETHICS An IT professional is describe as someone with a specific or specialized knowledge, and also with a long and intensive academic career. Various role applied for someone to be call an IT professional, could a, Programmers, Systems analysts, Software engineers, Database administrators, Network administrators etc There are various are where ethics come in plays when working in Information Technology; professionalism, personal integrity, privacy, law and policies, communication, system integrity, education, social responsibility. IT professionals have many different relationships that must be managed with: Employers, Clients, Suppliers, Other professionals, IT users, Society at large  [2]  . Relationships between IT Professionals and Employers IT professionals must set an example and enforce policies regarding the ethical use of IT. Software piracy is the act of illegally making copies of software or enabling others to access software to which they are not entitled. Software piracy is an area in which IT professionals can be tempted to violate laws and policies. The Business Software Alliance (BSA) is a trade group that represents the worlds largest software and hardware manufacturers. Its mission is to stop the unauthorized copying of software produced by its members  [3]  . Many of the ethical issues that face IT professionals involve privacy. For example: Working as a network administrator or a network security doesnt allow you to access data on a network whenever you want to. Because of the personal ethical believe, use of data should be only and strictly for professional purpose if not there is a breach of code. Is it fair for an IT worker to access a private employee folder or email because it got the user password? Many other issues involving privacy could be raised here, it important that as an IT professional you behave with ethical conduct that regulate the work of IT. Other issues that we need to look at in the relationship between IT professional and employer is the Trade secret; Information used in business must be only within the business if not there is a breach of code of ethics In looking to those privacy issues above, it is so easy to see how one those actions above could be used in critical way to jeopardize the working environment. Many of the information gain by an IT professional could be use as a form of pressure to have a political advantage or to be used to get someone fired.  [4]   Relationships between IT Professionals and Clients IT professional provide various type of work at the hardware and software services at some cost within a given time period. According to Deb shinder network security expert, Ethical problems arise if a company recommends its own products and services to remedy problems they have detected. It is then important that a strong code of ethics need to be set up to avoid this kind situation to happen for the sake of every party.  [5]   Relationships between IT Professionals and Suppliers There need for a good relationship between supplier is very important for the long term survival of the business. It is also important to have a fair deal with suppliers each when required. Bribery should be always avoided in respect of the code of ethics.  [6]   Relationships between IT Professionals and Other Professionals Working environment is a very delicate place to be, mutual respect between each professional is vital for day to day running of the business. Professional should adopt a professional code of conduct. Some ethical issues between members of the IT profession could arise but it important that strictly respect of the code apply.  [7]   Relationships between IT Professionals and IT Users IT users are people that use any IT infrastructure everyday for different purpose. Basically is a person for whom a hardware or software product is designed. Its important to understand the user needs and capabilities to establish an ethical environment that supports ethical behaviour by users  [8]  . Relationships between IT Professionals and Society The fact that IT professional are the main people behind the technology we use, make play an important role on us and the society in general. They play a major role in the IT user life. Maintaining and respecting the code of ethics establishes is essential and vital for the society. There action can affect the society in various ways, its then important they adhere to the code of ethics and rules that are in place to maintain a coherent and free of bias society. ETHICS AND IT END USERS Ethical use of IT is a really growing concern nowadays, with the rapid growing of internet and it social network application, download, online streaming and all others available application for the internet make this area a very concern for local government and watchdog. End users are main people affected by this issue, because it so hard to have a written code of conduct of conduct that user should follow. Code of ethics here required moral and personal integrity of each user. With the rapid growth of pornography, hacking, social network attack, viruses and other related threats, it is important that each user apply some common sense moral for the simple fact that this an area that is really difficult to monitor. The main objective of the code of ethics is  to establish professional business standards that will protect and enhance the concept, the image, the credibility and the sustainability of the business. CONCLUSION The code of ethics provide guidance by establishing a set of rules and standards for the use of IT and for the behaviour to adopt when working in the IT environment or when using IT infrastructure. There are different from the law but there are made in accordance with the law. So many issues regarding the ethics in IT couldnt be raise here, the ethics in IT is a very large to develop, many IT authors have wrote books and journals to raise this issues. In our essay we have try to give an idea how ethics come in play in the working environment and for IT user.

Khazars and Judaism

In his essay entitled â€Å"O dvoystvennosti verkhovnoy vlasti u khazarov†, Vasili V. Grigoriev described the Khazar as follows: â€Å"The Khazar people were an unusual phenomenon for Medieval times. Surrounded by savage and nomadic tribes, they had all the advantages of the developed countries: structured government, vast and prosperous trading, and a permanent army.At the time, when great fanatism and deep ignorance contested their dominion over Western Europe, the Khazar state was famous for its justice and tolerance. People persecuted for their faiths flocked into Khazaria from everywhere. As a glistening star it shone brightly on the gloomy horizon of Europe, and faded away without leaving any traces of existence.†This paper introduces to a reader who the Khazar people are and their role in Jewish history.Khazars and JudaismOriginally, the Khazars practiced Shamanism and phallic worship with the sky god Tengri as the focus. Subordinate Gods whom the Khazars worship ped include fertility  goddess  Umay,  Kuara, a thunder god, and  Erlik, the god of deathDue the persecution of Jews under Heraclius, Leo III, Justinian II and Romanos I, Jews fled to Khazaria. The Mazdak revolts also caused Jews from Persia to flee to Khazaria. It was said that Jewish merchants from this age regularly traded in Khazaria. They may have wielded strong econimic relations in Khazaria.Sometime in the 8th century or 9th, the Khazar royalty converted to Judaism and the most of the population followed. The reason for the conversion, as some historians say is that the King cannot anymore endure the nasty forms of sexual excesses of his people. King Bulan abolished shamanism and the worship of phallic objects. He decided against Christianity and Islam and selected Judaism.The King and his nobles were converted immediately by the rabbis from Babylonia. Phallic worship was then forbidden. Kings requested for rabbis to open schools and synagogues in the nation. Judaism has become the religion of Khazaria.The conversion of King Bulan started the new policy that only a Jew can occupy the Khazar throne. The kingdom became a theocracy where the leaders imposed religion as the guide to everyday life. Judaism provided not only religious but also civil laws.   

Tda 2.1 Child Young Person Development Essay - 2324 Words

Kirsty Andrews | | | |TDA 2.1 |CHILD AND YOUNG PERSON DEVELOPMENT | CACHE Level 2 Supporting Teaching and Learning in Schools – Work book 1 Contents Learning Outcome 1.1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.7 Learning Outcome 1.2 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Learning Outcome 2.1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Learning Outcome 2.2 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Learning Outcome 3.1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11†¦show more content†¦o say no when you ask them to do things |Understand uses phrases ‘me’ ‘you’ Knows own first last name Speaks in full sentences Can tell a complete story Talks of self and others |Interested in people outside the family Positive attachment to mother |Enjoys interactive games Takes turns when playing Strong friendship with another child | | Age |Physical |Intellectual |Behavioural |Language |Emotional |Social | |4-5 years |Can dress undress themselves Can brush own teeth Running at speed Learning to swing themselves on a swing Can use the toilet by themselves |Enjoys matching items games Recognises identifies bigger, biggest, smaller, smallest Understands the order of numbers Identifies names different colours |Can still demonstrate stubbornness, aggression, kicking, biting and blaming others when they are naughty, especially older siblings |Tells stories of experiences Plays with words in silly rhymes Uses new familiar words Talks about imaginary situations |Enjoys jokes Enjoys silly games Loves to show off Fear of dark continues May compete with parent of same sex for attention of other parent Needs support reassurance from parent |Often shows sensitivity to others Shows a sense of humour Likes to be independent Affectionate towards others Plays with other children Shows concern forShow MoreRelatedTda 2.1 Child and Young Person Development1464 Words   |  6 PagesAge(Years) | Physical Development | Communication And Intellectual Development | Social, Emotional And Behavioural Development | 0-3 | From birth to 12 months is a fast period of physical development. When first born babies have very little control over their bodies, they depend upon a series of reflexes for movement, however over the first 12 months they will learn how to control their bodies and by 12 months should be able to crawl or roll. By the age of 2 a baby would have developed quicklyRead MoreTda 2.1 Child and Young Person Development Essay7596 Words   |  31 PagesTDA 2.1 Child and young person development Learning outcome 1.1 Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years, to include:  · Physical development  · Communication and intellectual development  · Social, emotional and behavioural development Birth to 3 years The expected pattern starts at 0-3 years where a child is expected to develop the most. They have little control over their bodies at 0-1 years and are dependent on their naturalRead MoreTda 2.1 Child and Young Person Development. 1.1 1.2 Essay2638 Words   |  11 PagesTDA 2.1 Child and young person development. 1.1 1.2 Age Physical development Communication and intellectual development Social, emotional and Behavioural development Birth to 3 months Looks at hands. Plays with fingers. Clasps hands. Holds a rattle. Lifts head and chest up. Brings hands together over body. Waves arms. Can lift head and turn when on front. Cries when basic needs require attention. Vocalises when spokenRead More2.1 Describe with Examples the Kinds of Influences That Affect Children and Young Peoples Development Including : Background, Health, Environment1165 Words   |  5 Pagesaffect children and young people’s development. Background; There are many factors that can influence a child and young person’s development, particularly in relation to their background. The formative years can be termed as crucial in regards to development and any major setback can create many problems for the future. Parents that are going through a marriage breakdown, divorce and separation can be stressful for all involved particularly the children/young person. They can become emotionallyRead MoreEssay on Child and Young Person Development1179 Words   |  5 PagesAssessment Task – TDA 2.1 Child and Young Person Development Task 2 2.1. Describe with examples the kinds of influences that affect children and young people’s development, including: * Background * Health * Environment Background Children will come from a diverse range of backgrounds including family environments, cultures and circumstances. A child is at school from a very young age to late teens and during this time many families will go through significant changes,Read MoreTDA 3.2 organisation in schools Essay3183 Words   |  13 PagesF/601/3327 TDA 3.1 Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults Knowledge skill 3 2 2 A/601/3326 TDA 3.2 Schools as organisations Knowledge 3 3 3 F/601/4073 TDA 3.3 Support learning activities Knowledge skill 3 4 4 A/601/4069 TDA 3.4 Promote children and young people’s positive behaviour Knowledge skill 3 3 5 H/601/4065 TDA 3.5 Develop professional relationships with children, young people andRead MoreCashe Level 2 Essay example18123 Words   |  73 PagesCACHE Qualification Specification CACHE Level 2 Certificate for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE Level 2 Certificate for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF)  © CACHE 2011 Except as allowed by law, or where specified in the text, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission from the Council for Awards in Care, Health and Education. 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Through a young person’s development, from birth to 19 they are expected to follow a development pattern including physical, social, environmental, behavioural, intellectual and communicational. The expected pattern is seen as the average time period it wouldRead MoreTda 2.21843 Words   |  8 PagesTDA 2.2 Task 1 1.1 * Identify the current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people, including e-safety. These are as follows Children’s act 1989/2004 Education act 2002 ECM/EYFS E safety 2008 Human rights act Equal opportunities act Safeguarding Health and safety Disability Discrimination act/ SENDA 1.2 * Describe the roles of different agencies involved in safeguarding the welfare of children and young people. Social services-

The First Cold War - 978 Words

The first Cold War was, occurred during 1947 to 1953, political and military tension after World War II between power of Eastern Bloc and Western Bloc. People felt tired from fighting, started to recover their emotional feelings, and society and economic was trying to recover from the war. During this period, artists started thinking about society that increasingly turned their attention to defining identities of national and globally. They also focused for a renewed attention in art and design. The relationship between nationalism and globalism in design and how cultural influenced countries contributing to product form and function were the topics during the cold war. â€Å"New age values are conscious evolution, a non-sectarian society, a non- military culture, global sharing, healing the environment, sustainable economies, self- determination, social justice, economic empowerment of the poor, love, compassion in action, going beyond religious fundamentalism, going beyond nationalism, culture.† said Deepak Chopra. Nationalism defines people have the strong belief that the interests of a particular nation- state are of primary importance; and also sharing a common language, history, and culture should constitute an independent nation, free of foreign domination. â€Å"In the postwar period, attitudes toward design in Japan were strongly influenced by new government economic policy, actively promoted through the awarding of prizes and regulated by agencies that set andShow MoreRelatedThe Berlin Blockade Is The First Major International Crises Of The Cold War1740 Words   |  7 Pages The Berlin Blockade is said to be the first major international crises of the Cold War. The basis of this blockade was to cut of Western Allies railway, road, and canal access to the eastern side of the city. The Soviets proposed an offer to the west, in which they would drop the blockade, if newly introduced Deutschmark currency was withdrawn from West Berlin. But seeing as though if they did agree, the German society would only crumble even further, so the westerners rejected the offer. TheRead MoreWhy Did The Cold War Start And How Did It Develop Over Its First Three Decades?841 Words   |  4 PagesWhy did the Cold War start and how did it develop over its first three decades? During WWII the United States and the Soviet Union fought together as allies against the Axis powers. However, it was not without tension on both sides. After WWII ended the tension between both sides continued and gradually increased. For two years they tried to come to some sort of agreement over their differences over the division of Europe, postwar economic aid, and the atomic bomb through negotiation and discussionRead MoreThe National Missile Defense System is the First Step to Another Cold War and the United States Should Not Do It1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe National Missile Defense System is the First Step to Another Cold War and the United States Should Not Do It As we begin the twenty-first century, an increasing number of states around the world are acquiring nuclear capabilities. The sense of insecurity by individual governments is driving many states into developing and testing ballistic missiles. In the mean time, the United States finds itself in a position to develop new technology that will protect themselves against these potentialRead MoreThe, State, And War918 Words   |  4 Pagesto what exactly causes war to happen. 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The Cold War began after the SecondRead MoreRealism And The Cold War843 Words   |  4 Pagesrealism, the question being asked is does it do a good job of explaining the end of the Cold War? Everyone can have their own answers and reasonings behind why they think it does or doesn t explain it well enough. Realists view the Cold War as an attempt to keep the balance of power between the states and inside the states themselves. Neither states were able to dominant over everything or declare all out war against each other, therefore both the United States and the USSR would dominate internationalRead MoreThe Cold War : Communism And Capitalism997 Words   |  4 Pages The Cold War When the cold war began, no one thought that it would last as long as it did. Many people thought the war was caused by fighting, and there were some people that thought it was caused by the conflicts of communism and capitalism, so who was right? Well we only know what we read in our history books which says that it was caused by the conflicts of communism and capitalism. Was this the real reason for the cold war? In my essay I will give details about the cold war and tell why

Police Brutality And Its Effect On Society - 1742 Words

First, you may ask yourself, what Police Brutality defines itself as? â€Å"Police Brutality is when an officer using more force than necessary to control a situation.† (Smith). Police Brutality occurs with OC spray, batons, stun guns, or handguns. But Police Brutality can also be seen with a use of threats or intimidation. In today’s world, we see plenty of stories all over social media, the news shows live broadcasts on protesters against the Police and excessive force. If you stop and look around, most of the Police Brutality taking place today deals with race or politics. It always seems that the people with a badge, like to think they have the upper hand with a higher power because they feel as if they are backed by the government and that everything will be taken care of. Well this is getting much too out of hand, and something needs to be changed, or there may end up being a war between the people and the police. There needs to be a way or policy enforced to help civilians feel a better sense of protection with the police. Police Brutality started becoming popular back in the early 90’s and was being shown on TV. One major occurrence in the 90’s was the Rodney King Case. In 1991, Rodney King was shown on video, getting beat with batons by officers, and suffered broken bones and internal injuries. â€Å"When the police weren’t found guilty, riots started all over Los Angeles. Several shootings occurred in NYC which increased the prompt to citizen complaints boards being moreShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And Its Effect On Society1610 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality in the USA Police brutality has adverse effects on society in its entirety and, hence, there is need to stop these acts so as to improve cohesiveness and the observation of the law in society. Police brutality is an old problem that has been around in this country for many years. Unfortunately, civilians have experienced it in their thousands, suffering varying degrees of damages, ranging from injuries or even loss of their lives at the hands of the brutal police. Even more dishearteningRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects On Society Essay2047 Words   |  9 Pages Police brutality has often been reported on the mass medias and in newspaper articles. Police Brutality is a form of police misconduct in which officers engage in an excessive use of force and or verbal attack. The purpose of this study was basic information concerning the topic â€Å"Police Brutality†. The study is to investigate â€Å"what are the causes and effects of police brutality in Belize and what recommendations are given to prevent such behavior?† It is very important to investigate police brutalityRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effect On Society Essay2173 Words   |  9 Pagesfew years, we have had to face the issues of police brutality in our society. 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These effects include notRead MoreThe Effects Of Police Brutality On Minority Communities1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Police Brutality on Minority Communities Police brutality thrives in the inner city regions where minority communities live and work. Police brutality is a crime punishable by law and is often instigated by law enforcement officers who are either racially biased or prone to authority abuse and violent (re)actions. Allegations abound concerning police brutality with police officers using unnecessary or excessive force, committing battery, conducting illegal body searches and bullying

Spatial Information and Occupational Roles Free Essays

Drafting It Is the representation or a draft of an object or an area with specific measures. It Is armorial done with the lad of rulers, scales, compasses, etc, 7. Geographical information systems (GIS) geographical information, especially maps. We will write a custom essay sample on Spatial Information and Occupational Roles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Part C Use the internet and/or local newspapers to find and list five Jobs that require people with one or more of the abovementioned skills. List the complete Jobs (I. E. Where it is located, who it is for and what skill is required). Job number 1: Researcher in Forest Remote Sensing; Location: Vienna, Austria; Company: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOOKIE, Vienna); Skills: You possess a Master degree in Conscience, Geography, Natural Resource Management, Forestry, Agronomy or related field. You have significant practical experience in the use of optical remote sensing data. You are highly interested in scientific research questions and you are creative. You possess experience in digital image processing and have a good knowledge in ERDA Imagine or similar software for digital image processing (e. . IDLE-Nevi). Job Number 2: GIS Officer; Location: Western Australia; Company: Dumpier Port Authority; Skills: tertiary or post graduate qualification in GIS or related field alongside a minimum of here years’ experience with GIS applications and SERIES suite extensions, relational databases and various other data formatting applications. You will also have a sound knowledge of geodetic concep ts and cartographic standards. Your demonstrated ability to problem solve and communicate with various stake holders and work autonomously with strict deadlines will be the key to success in this role. Job Number 3: Spatial Consultant; Location: Company: Western Australia; Spatial Solutions Pity Ltd; Skills: A high level of attention to detail, Team spirit – with a desire to contribute and elaborate, an ability to think laterally, excellent communication skills, a dedication to innovation, a GIS related qualification, an ability to manage expectations with a strong service orientation, excellent organizational and time management skills, the ability to work under pressure and coordinate workflow to meet deadlines. Job Number 4: Coastal Resource Management Officer (Philippines); Location: Philippines; Company: Australian Red Cross; The volunteer will need significant diving experience in order to view and map underwater systems. Through GIS they will collect crucial data about henchmen, potential impacts, existing stress and the area’s physical geography which will identify vulnerable areas and support provincial decision making. The successful candidate will demonstrate: Experience in GIS and data management analysis certified and experience diver, tertiary, professional or technical qualifications in GIS or equivalent work experience, self-awareness, cultural sensitivity, flexibility and adaptability, resilience. Job Number 5: Land Surveyor; Location: Darwin; Company: Swift Worldwide Resources; Skills: looking for someone tit the following: Certificate, Associate or Bachelor degree qualification in Spatial Sciences, current manual drivers’ license, able to work away from home for extended periods, motivated and able to work autonomously, fit, healthy and able to cope with challenging work and environmental conditions. How to cite Spatial Information and Occupational Roles, Papers

Business Analysis and Valuation System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Business Analysis and Valuation System. Answer: Introduction: The performances of an organization are based on the ratio analysis. The efficiency, probability, and liquidity of an organization can be estimated by the represented ratio. The industry benchmark and the budgeted results are compared with each other by the ratio analysis in Alex Blenheim Pty Limited (Alexander, Nobes, Ullathorne, 2016). Ratio Actual 2016 Budget 2016 Actual 2015 Industry Benchmark Return on equity % 12.9 16.6 14.8 15.5 Return on total assets % 10.7 14.2 13.1 14.5 Gross margin % 8.5 9.0 9.5 9.0 Marketing expenses/sales % 2.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 Admin expenses/sales % 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.0 Interest coverage ratio 5.4 8.1 6.4 6.0 Days in inventory 33.1 30.4 31.1 30.0 Days in accounts receivable 50.0 48.0 49.7 45.0 Current ratio 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.5 Quick asset ratio 0.81 0.77 0.77 1.0 Debt to equity ratio 0.51 0.33 0.41 .40 The company generates an equity estimated number from shareholders fund. The budget and the industry benchmark is more than the actual return on equity of the company in the year of 2014-2015 which is evident that the company is not so able in generating the return on the equity (Appannaiah, Reddy, Putty, 2010). The company is not so efficient to take care of the assets which are proved by the actual return on total assets of the company in 2015-2016 which is less than the budget and the industry landmark. The actual result of the gross margin ratio demonstrates the performances of the company, that was less than the budget of 2016 and more than the industry benchmark of 2015. The fixed cost of the company is high because of the low ratio or gross margin. The ratio of actual marketing sale ratio is more than the budget of 2016 and less that the industry benchmark of 2015. When the market cost becomes more than the sales, then the higher ratio arrived. The ability of the organization to pay the interest cost is noticed by the interest coverage ratio which is less than the budget result of 2016 and more than the industry benchmark of 2015 (Beechy, Conrod, 2008). The ratio of the paying of the interests by the company is identified by the high-interest and the low-interest coverage ratio. The current ratio shows that the organization can pay all the interests. The budget of 2016 is more than the actual current ratio, and the industry benchmark result of 2015 is more than the actual current ratio which is more than 1. When the ratio becomes more than one, then it shows that the company can pay all the obligations. The capacity of an enterprise to pay interests are known by the quick ratio results. The actual quick ratio is more than the budgeted result in the year 2016 and also less than the industry benchmark in the year 2015. The achievements of the target by the company can be shown by the actual quick ratio. During the year of 2015-2016, the level of debt of t he company is known by the debt to equity ratio. The actual debt to equity ratio is more than the budget result and the industry benchmark for the year 2015 and 2016 respectively which shows the high debt level of the company. The current and the quick ratio are high in 2016. The financial ratio shows that the profit is less than the cost. The fair value of the company is shown by the financial statements of the auditors. The financial report of the group is fairly represented by the audit process. The financial report can be affected by the internal audit function and audit control process. The financial statement analysis and the internal control can be done by the external auditors with the help of the internal auditors (Bragg, 2013). The effective control by the auditors can decrease the loss of assets and certify the accurate information and the regulation of the financial report. The financial report of the company is responsible for the market value of company and relationship of the internal and the external auditors. Audit steps to reduce risk The preparation and the presentation of the financial statement are dependent on the auditors. The internal auditor invents few issues that are: The separation of the duties among the employees sometimes creates troubles. In large organizations, there are fewer probabilities of errors than that of the small organizations. In a large organization, the various difficulties are handled by the different specialist (Britton, Waterston, 2013). The management plays a major role in the monitoring and controlling the organization. The financial statement can be analyzing by the auditors who estimate the possibilities of error or false statements. All the organizations are dependent on them, and the improper documentation can be effective for the companies. The auditors explain the job functions to the employee. The incorrect documentation can be harmful to both the employee and the companyduring the segregation of the duties (Burns, 2014). The documentation procedure and the policies can confirm the position of the company in the market. The weak it controls, and the data security problem can be faced by the organization which is solved by the internal auditors. The internal auditors are concern about the safety and the security of the confidential data of the company, so they take care of it. The internal auditors always maintain the discipline, attention, determination which is a significant impact on the long-term goals of the organization. The internal and external auditors, managers and the employees monitor all the problem of the organization and try to solve them. The senior managers take care of the risk factors of the management committees and play a significant role in the implementation of the senior management department. The senior management adopts some strategies for the development of the company (Dalton, 2013). The auditors are responsible for the fair presentation and providing the significant information to the shareholders. The auditors play a role in the solving of the problems arises by the shareholders. In the analysis of the material and the presentation of the final report, the auditors play a significant role. The auditors supply the techniques to the company and apply the method through which they can determine the mistakes or errors (Helbk, Lindset, McLellan, 2010). The auditors can determine the risk factors and help in the implementations of the techniques, strategies and they try to overcome the problem faced by the company. The auditors can help to monitor and decrease the errors. The processes of the organizations should be managed, and the auditors play a significant role in presenting fair value and provide significant information to the stakeholders. These internal control weaknesses can be managed easily or can be rectified quickly by slightly modifying the existing procedures or bringing out the necessary internal controls. Some of the levels are greater to some extending this level of the adult risk and the social responsibilities. The internal control weaknesses are pivotal and reduce the appropriateness of the auditing. There are several internal control weaknesses which can be the reason for the loss or damage of the property, resources, as well as it can reduce the income of the organization (Northington, 2011). There are various internal control weaknesses that influence the audit practices within the organizations. Some of the major internal control weaknesses are: inadequate documentation/records, central business cycles inappropriately defined, lack of control over authorized transaction, no oversight plus review, lack of physical and logical security, the inventory control weakness etc. Moreover, the inventory control weakness is one of the most important internal control weakness. The inventory is one of the most critical area of error, the area is prone to be error. The auditors have to be alert at the time of auditing that the all inventory item are properly recorded. The auditors have to check manually all records of the stocks. The records must be check with the physical evidence of the inventory stocks. In is highly intense area, where the audit risk can be arose. Inadequate documentation/records With proper numbering of documentation, helps in tracing the records when necessary. It was required for the auditing of the way in the property in similar such a way there are several items in the auditing that many of the documentation will severely in such manner that purpose of verification with appropriate budgeted in the significant landmarks. Moreover, sufficient documentation will make the procedure easy of enforcing financial records as well as completing tax returns. The tracing of the literature which connects to follow up queries as well as the question from the consumers of the past transaction can be easier (Palepu, Healy, Peek, 2016). This will support in preventing to record the same transaction in multiple places in multiple time as there must not be any of the duplicate numbers in the system. Proper documentation helps in giving the satisfactory answer to the queries about the financial transactions. The documentation gives evidence of the underlying transactions. The financial documents must be pre-numbered to ensure that the entire transactions are recorded as well as accounted for help in tracing the records when necessary. The sales and the accounts receivable, cash management, banking process, purchase along with account payable. At the time the development plus changes are made to the procedures, the employees can be informed quickly, to train and brought up to the speed. Possibly the most unapplied control tools where the most value can be included with small effort. Documenting the primary controls is each of this cycle will give transparency, consistency, as well as distinct roles and responsibilities in every single of these cycles, which can be quickly assigned to the particular individual. As the business have diverse focal areas different period will be significant to your business; however, for the maximum numbers of business, the following procedures can be critical. Consistency, as well as distinct roles and responsibilities in every single of these cycles, which can be quickly assigned to the particular individual (Parker, 2007). Lack of control over authorized transaction A particular dollar value can reduce the overall expenditure because the degree of authority can be brought up superior reduction for the risk or threat of improper payment. Authorization of the buying must occur before the commitment of the resources. The business owners or management must take few time as well as interest in the financial record of the organization. The business group uses to get so involved with the day to day business operation that the team often forgets to review their business process (Ricchiute, 2006). Apart from this, insufficient disaster recovery is also impeding the development and growth of the organization. Deficiency of the physical safety of the business property plus resources might influence the outcome in loss or damage to the goods and resources. No formal ethical policies and methods then the organization may face difficulties in establishing the integrity and ethics within the employees of the organization. The overhead required to be maintained under control to ensure that a clear profit outcome from its operation. Thus from this insufficient was directly from the values of the organization that has some recovery in the business property. Deficiency of the physical security of the buildings plus resources might influence the outcome of loss or damage to the goods and resources. The company lack in proper documentation as the company failed to put a unique number to the documents that slow down the assessment process. Access to the tools, petty cash as well stock veri fication must be restricted to the proper person and must be stored in a secure location. The undertaken business organization Alex Blenheim operates in comparatively low gross margin business environment. The overhead required to be maintained under control to ensure that a clear profit outcome from its operation (Subramanyam, 2014). Audit impact It helps the management to make the important management decision for the company. For improper documentation of the financial records can misguide the auditors about the financial position of the organizations. The income statement helps in showing the revenues and expenses of the company, within the pre-specified period. The cash flow can be of two types cash inflow and cash outflow. The cash flow statement shows both the cash inflow and the cash outflow. The financial statement is mainly of three kinds: balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. Besides this, there are different expenses also, and the expenses also recorded in the income statement of the company. The internal audit usually performed within the enterprise and the company's auditor use to carry out the inspection tasks (Weil, 2017). The statements are various ranging in order with financial records of the organization. When some of the income rates are not probably maintained by any of the company than some of the economic systems that are auditory take right steps in order of audit performed. The financial statements provide indifferent information to the users, and the auditors are responsible for recognizing the mistakes of the financial statements. Audit steps to reduce risk To verify the account receivables and account payable very minutely as well as the inventory is also an effective audit risk thus the records of the inventory must be checked manually with the files of the commercial segments. The auditors have to take few steps to reduce the danger of the auditing. Hence, the accounts must take adequate steps so that the audit risk can be minimized. The financial statements such as they auditors have to check the journal entries also as it helps in assessing the errors of the financial statement (Welch, 2014). The job roles and responsibilities must be clearly defined so that there would not be any confusion about the job. There are some variables in order of high clearance of payable is also critical of the records from some gross margin business environment. Authorization of the buying must occur before the commitment of the resources. Help in aligning the business objectives as well as support in establishing best practices for the operating proc edure. Computer-assisted programs are designed for use during the auditing process. They help to establish the audit process in the appropriate way. Auditing procedures involve ample processing of data which is much simplified by such computerized programs. The accounting system for clients helps in the appropriate specification with the help of features integrated for improving the comprehensiveness of the system. Such systems also help to control sustentative transactions for depiction as leaving skilled resources. The three computer-assisted methods involved in the preparation of an audit report are described as follows: The packaged programs which are generalized in nature: These generalized systems have to be modified slightly to define the exact format of the file. The parameters also can also be interrogated by the program by giving the data that requires extraction. The data structure required to be provided can be expanded through displaying the right format of the files which would be the outputs. Thus the data becomes very convenient to handle and flexible as well when it is processed through such computer systems. The software just requires some modification for the exact format for which it is to be used, and after that, it would make tasks much easier. Programs are written for a purpose- The programs of this type are designed specifically for particular purposes and thus need no modification. These are usually used by appropriate organizations in their several operations. These applications are also operable in machines with particular specifications(Rahman, 2015). The categorization within such software is very necessary for displaying the appropriate procedures for the particular data. According to the different categories of machines, the processing of the data differs. The enhanced effectiveness of the data can be easily identified by the show of enhancement of data. Utility based programs for use by clients- The use of such programs is on the display of the data related to the performance. This is done by assessing the performance in terms of the various functions and sorting them accordingly to present the data in a very user-friendly format. When the software is used in auditing, the checks on the calculation are conducted, and these are also displayed to the user. Thus the users can be sure that the audit would be error free. The detection of the errors is made by displaying every entry which is relevant to the identification of the purchases. Any violation of the rules of auditing can be easily depicted through the display of the statement that there is no effective calculation of customer balance. This is in turn done by showing the specification of the limit for credit. Thus the unreasonable parts of the calculation are then displayed by the display of the appropriate discounts. The detection performed shows that the sales ledger balance was displayed as debtor's balance. The statistical analysis is performed by appropriately selecting the audit testing process. The completion of the process of checking is made by showing the process of audit testing. The continuity in sales is checked by the display of the sales inv oices and by ensuring the accounted processes involved for benefiting the customers or the stakeholders. Hence the classification of the ledger balance can be easily show3n by depicting the appropriate work structure. Hence the structure can be easily depicted by appropriately implementing the circularization of debtors. The inclusion of strategic balance can also be easily done by identifying the items which are slow moving. The ledger balance of the sample sales is thus very efficiently handled by such software and program becomes a complete assistance for the conduct of audit for different organizations. The software is extremely capable in this regard and proves extremely useful to the auditors. The strategic balance is very efficiently maintained by conducting all the activities with the same accuracy and providing recovery options and cross checks at every step of the audit. The costs of the software are high, with set up costs involved as well. But the costs should be borne b y organizations needing efficient audit assessment and accurate results. References Alexander, D., Nobes, C., Ullathorne, A. (2016).Financial accounting. Harlow, England: Pearson. Appannaiah, H., Reddy, P., Putty, R. (2010).Financial accounting. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Beechy, T., Conrod, J. (2008).Intermediate accounting. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. Bragg, S. (2013).Financial analysis. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Britton, A., Waterston, C. (2013).Financial accounting. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Burns, P. (2014).Business Finance. Elsevier Science. Dalton, H. (2013).Principles of Public Finance. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Helbk, M., Lindset, S., McLellan, B. (2010).Corporate finance. Maidenhead, Berkshire: Open University Press/McGraw-Hill Education. Northington, S. (2011).Finance. New York, NY: Ferguson's. Palepu, K., Healy, P., Peek, E. (2016).Business analysis and valuation. Andover, Hampshire, United Kingdom: Cengage Learning EMEA. Parker, R. (2007).Understanding company financial statements. London: Penguin. Parrino, R. (2015).Corporate Finance. Singapore: John Wiley Sons. Powers, M., Needles, B. (2012).Financial accounting. [Mason]: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Rahman, N. (2015).Corporate Finance. North Ryde: McGraw-Hill Australia. Ricchiute, D. (2006).Auditing. Mason, Ohio: South-Western/Thomson Learning.. Subramanyam, K. (2014).Financial statement analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Weil, R. (2017).Financial accounting. [Place of publication not identified]: Cengage Learning. Welch, I. (2014).Corporate finance. Los Angeles: Ivo Welch.